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Second Manifesto
:''To be distinguished from the Second Manifesto of Surrealism''
The "Second Manifesto" was a 1904 declaration made by Joseph F. Smith, the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), in which Smith stated the church was no longer sanctioning marriages that violated the laws of the land and set down the principle that those entering into or solemnizing polygamous marriages would be excommunicated from the church.〔"(Statement by President Joseph F. Smith )", ''Improvement Era'' 7/7:545–546 (May 1904).〕
==Background==
In 1890, church president Wilford Woodruff had issued the initial Manifesto, in which he suspended the LDS Church's long-standing practice of plural marriage. However, after the Manifesto, it became clear that a number of church members, including members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, were continuing to enter into or solemnize polygamous marriages.〔Kenneth Cannon II, ("After the Manifesto: Mormon Polygamy, 1890–1906" ), ''Sunstone'', Jan.–Apr. 1983, p. 27.〕〔D. Michael Quinn, ("LDS Church Authority and New Plural Marriages, 1890–1904" ), ''Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought'', Spring 1985, 9–105.〕〔B. Carmon Hardy (1992). ''Solemn Covenant: The Mormon Polygamous Passage'' (Urbana: University of Illinois Press).〕 Smith issued the Second Manifesto near the beginning of the Reed Smoot hearings, United States Congressional hearings into whether LDS Church apostle Reed Smoot should be permitted to sit as a United States Senator from Utah; Smoot's opponents alleged that the LDS Church hierarchy's continued tolerance or encouragement of plural marriage should exclude Smoot from sitting in the Senate.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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